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Richard Sorge (October 4, 1895 – November 7, 1944) was a Soviet military intelligence officer, active before and during the Second World War, working as an undercover German journalist in both Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. His codename was "Ramsay" ((ロシア語:Рамза́й)). Sorge is most famous for his service in Japan in 1940 and 1941, when he provided information about Adolf Hitler's plan to attack the Soviet Union, although he did not succeed in finding out the exact date of the attack. In mid-September 1941, he informed the Soviet command that Japan was not going to attack the Union in the near future, which allowed the command to transfer 18 divisions, 1,700 tanks, and over 1,500 aircraft from Siberia and the Far East to the Western Front against Nazi Germany during the most critical months of the Battle for Moscow, one of the turning points of the of World War II. A month later Sorge was arrested in Japan on the counts of espionage. The German ''Abwehr'' legitimately denied he was an agent; USSR repudiated him and refused three offers to spare him through a prisoner exchange. He was tortured, confessed, tried, and hanged in November 1944. Two decades passed before he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1964. == Early life == Sorge was born in the settlement of Sabunchi, a suburb of Baku, Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire (modern Azerbaijan).〔(Hero of the Soviet Union Richard Sorge )〕〔(Khrono.ru. Richard Sorge )〕 He was the youngest of nine children of Wilhelm Richard Sorge (d. 1907), a German mining engineer employed by the Caucasian Oil Company, and his Russian wife Nina Semionovna Kobieleva. His father's lucrative contract expired a few years later, and the family moved back to Germany. In Sorge's own words, The cosmopolitan Sorge household was "very different from the average bourgeois home in Berlin." Although Sorge considered Friedrich Adolf Sorge, an associate of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, to be his grandfather, he was in fact his great-uncle.〔; quoted by 〕 World War I started in August 1914; in October 1914 Sorge enlisted in the German Army. He joined a student battalion of the 3rd Guards Field Artillery. He served on the Western Front, and was severely wounded in March 1916. Shrapnel cut off three of his fingers and broke both his legs, causing a lifelong limp. He was promoted to corporal, received the Iron Cross and was later medically discharged. During his convalescence he read Marx and became a Communist, mainly due to the influence of the father of a nurse with whom he had developed a relationship. He spent the rest of the war studying economics at the universities of Berlin, Kiel and Hamburg. Sorge received a Ph.D. in political science at Hamburg in August 1919. He also joined the Communist Party of Germany. His political views, however, got him fired from both a teaching job and coal mining work. He fled to the Soviet Union, where he became a junior agent for the Comintern in Moscow. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Sorge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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